PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
A principle is a fundamental statement of truth that establishes a cause and effect relationship between two or more variables. It also serves as a guide to thought and action. On the basis of a principle we may say that if this or that thing is done, it will lead to certain result. To illustrate the concept of management principles, let us consider the principle of division of work. According to this principle, if the work is divided and only a part of the job is assigned to an individual ; human efficiency would increase. The nature of principles of management are given below:
· Universal
The principles of management are universal because they are general guidelines for management in practice. Thus, they are applicable universally to all types of organization, for example government service, business organization, hospitals, educational institutions , etc.
· Flexible
Management is a social science and its principles are flexible in nature. Thus, they are flexible and cannot be applied in all situations in the same way. Principles of management are flexible and not absolute, but must be utilized in the light of changing and special condition.
· Cause and Effect Relationship
The principles of management indicate the cause and effect relationship among various elements. Thus the principles indicate what will be the consequences of certain decisions. For example,according to the principle of division of work, specialization is the result.Here work division is the cause and specialization is the effect.
· Equal Importance
All principles of management are equally important. When compared no one principle is more important than the others.For example one cannot say that centralization is more important than decentralization or vice-versa.
· Human Aspect
Managers have to deal with human behavior because all work is done by human beings.Thus, principles of management have been designed to influence human behavior so that organizational goal is achieved.Since, human behavior is complex and unpredictable.
A principle is a fundamental statement of truth that establishes a cause and effect relationship between two or more variables. It also serves as a guide to thought and action. On the basis of a principle we may say that if this or that thing is done, it will lead to certain result. To illustrate the concept of management principles, let us consider the principle of division of work. According to this principle, if the work is divided and only a part of the job is assigned to an individual ; human efficiency would increase. The nature of principles of management are given below:
· Universal
The principles of management are universal because they are general guidelines for management in practice. Thus, they are applicable universally to all types of organization, for example government service, business organization, hospitals, educational institutions , etc.
· Flexible
Management is a social science and its principles are flexible in nature. Thus, they are flexible and cannot be applied in all situations in the same way. Principles of management are flexible and not absolute, but must be utilized in the light of changing and special condition.
· Cause and Effect Relationship
The principles of management indicate the cause and effect relationship among various elements. Thus the principles indicate what will be the consequences of certain decisions. For example,according to the principle of division of work, specialization is the result.Here work division is the cause and specialization is the effect.
· Equal Importance
All principles of management are equally important. When compared no one principle is more important than the others.For example one cannot say that centralization is more important than decentralization or vice-versa.
· Human Aspect
Managers have to deal with human behavior because all work is done by human beings.Thus, principles of management have been designed to influence human behavior so that organizational goal is achieved.Since, human behavior is complex and unpredictable.
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